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Oracle Database – Core Concepts (10 Questions)

1. What is Oracle Database?

Oracle Database is a multi-model relational database management system developed by Oracle
Corporation. It supports SQL for data access and PL/SQL for procedural logic.

2. What are the main components of Oracle Architecture?

Instance: Memory (SGA) + Background processes
Database: Physical files — data files, control files, redo log files

3. What is an Oracle Instance?

An instance is a combination of Oracle background processes and memory structures that manage
database files.

4. What is the difference between a table and a view?

Table: Physically stores data
View: A virtual table that displays data from one or more tables

5. What are tablespaces in Oracle?

Tablespaces are logical storage units in Oracle that group related data files.

6. What is the purpose of the control file?

It records the structure of the database—database name, data files, redo logs, and checkpoints.

7. What is a data dictionary?

A set of read-only tables that store metadata about database objects (tables, users, constraints, etc.).

8. What are indexes in Oracle?

Indexes are performance-boosting structures that allow faster retrieval of rows from a table.

9. What is a synonym?

A synonym is an alias for another database object, used for easier access or to hide schema names.

10. What is the difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP?

DELETE: Removes rows; can use WHERE; can rollback
TRUNCATE: Removes all rows; cannot rollback
DROP: Removes the entire table structure

Oracle MySQL (10 Questions)

11. What is MySQL?

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system owned by Oracle Corporation.

12. What are the main storage engines in MySQL?

InnoDB: Supports transactions and foreign keys
MyISAM: Fast for read-heavy workloads but no transactions

13. What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR?

CHAR: Fixed length
VARCHAR: Variable length

14. How do you view all databases in MySQL?

SHOW DATABASES;

15. How do you create a new user in MySQL?

CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

16. How to grant privileges to a user?

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database.* TO ‘username’@’localhost&#39’;

17. What is the default port of MySQL?

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database.* TO ‘username’@’localhost&#39’;

18. What are joins in MySQL?

Joins combine rows from two or more tables based on related columns.

19. How to check MySQL version?

SELECT VERSION();

20. What is the difference between MySQL and Oracle DB?

MySQL: Open source, lightweight, used for web applications
Oracle DB: Enterprise-grade, supports advanced features, complex workloads

Oracle DBA – Administration (20 Questions)

21. What does an Oracle DBA do?

A DBA installs, configures, upgrades, monitors, and tunes Oracle databases.

22. What are the main Oracle background processes?

DBWR: Writes data blocks to disk
LGWR: Writes redo logs
CKPT: Updates data files and control files
SMON: Instance recovery
PMON: Process recovery

23. What is SGA and PGA?

SGA (System Global Area): Shared memory used by all sessions
PGA (Program Global Area): Memory for a single session or process

24. How do you start and stop an Oracle database?

STARTUP;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

25. What is a listener in Oracle?

A listener is a server process that enables client connections to the Oracle database.

26. What is the purpose of redo logs?

Redo logs record all changes made to the database to enable recovery in case of failure.

27. What is an archive log mode?

It enables saving of redo logs after they are filled, ensuring data recovery capability.

28. How do you take a backup in Oracle?

Using RMAN (Recovery Manager) or export utilities (expdp/impdp).

29. What is RMAN?

RMAN is an Oracle tool for backup, restore, and recovery management.

30. What is Oracle Data Guard?

A feature that provides disaster recovery and data availability by maintaining standby databases.

31. What is ASM in Oracle?

Automatic Storage Management simplifies storage management and improves performance.

32. How do you monitor database performance?

Using AWR reports, ADDM, OEM, and V$ views.

33. What is an Oracle patch?

A patch is a software update for bug fixes, performance improvements, or security updates.

34. What is difference between cold backup and hot backup?

Cold backup: Taken when database is shut down
Hot backup: Taken while the database is running in archive log mode

35. What is Oracle RAC?

Real Application Clusters allow multiple servers to access the same database for high availability.

36. What is the difference between physical and logical backup?

Physical: Datafiles, control files, redo logs
Logical: Schema objects exported as SQL (using expdp)

37. What is flash recovery area (FRA)?

A designated storage location for backups, redo logs, and archived logs.

38. What is Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)?

A graphical interface to monitor and manage multiple Oracle databases.

39. How to check tablespace usage?

SELECT tablespace_name, used_space, free_space FROM dba_tablespace_usage_metrics;

40. How to change a user’s password in Oracle?

ALTER USER username IDENTIFIED BY newpassword;

Oracle Fusion (ERP / Cloud Applications) (10 Questions)

41. What is Oracle Fusion?

Oracle Fusion is a suite of cloud-based applications integrating ERP, HCM, CRM, and SCM functionalities.

42. What are the key modules in Oracle Fusion?

Fusion Financials
Fusion HCM (Human Capital Management)
Fusion SCM (Supply Chain Management)
Fusion Procurement

43. What is the difference between Oracle E-Business Suite and Fusion Applications?

Fusion is cloud-based, with modern UI, analytics, and integration across modules, while EBS is on-
premise.

44. What is Oracle Fusion Middleware?

A technology layer that supports integration, security, and business intelligence for Fusion Apps.

45. What is OTBI?

Oracle Transactional Business Intelligence – used for real-time, ad hoc reporting.

46. What is BIP (BI Publisher)?

A reporting tool in Oracle Fusion used for formatted reports (PDF, Excel, etc.).

47. What are roles in Oracle Fusion Security?

Roles define what users can access; includes Job roles, Abstract roles, and Duty roles.

48. What is Oracle Integration Cloud (OIC)?

A platform to integrate Fusion apps with other systems using APIs and adapters.

49. What is the purpose of sandbox in Oracle Fusion?

A sandbox allows customization and configuration testing without affecting the main environment.

50. What are the deployment environments in Oracle Fusion Cloud?

Dev/Test environment
Stage (UAT)
Production